The most common word is “Al-Sadiq”, it refers to the sincere friend, whom you can always trust.
The companion, on the other hand, is called “al-Rafiq”, he is a person endowed with kindness and care.
Even with the term “al-Saheb” it translates companion, but you can also have the shade of a life partner, boyfriend.
Deeper is “al-Habib”, the dear friend or even the loved one.
“Al-Nadim” on the other hand is the person with whom you hang out to eat or drink something.
“Al-Khalil” is a close friend, almost a brother,
“Al-Anis” on the other hand is that person whose company gives pleasure and fun.
“Al-Khidn” on the other hand is the friend with whom you enjoy a secret romantic relationship.
“Al-Qarin” is a close, close friend.
“Al-Zaher” on the other hand is the person who is close to you in difficult times and comfort.
“Al-Tarb” is the peer friend.
“Al-Samir” is the friend who leaves last, the one who waits for the evening to leave making sure that the friend is already home safe.
Terms can be used for both masculine and feminine (adding an “a” at the end), they can also be used as personal names.